Asian Portrait Art Between 1000 Bce and 1900 Ce China History Art Portrait 1000 Bce and 1900 Ce

Toggle the dynasty information Neolithic menstruation, ca. 7000–1700 BCE

ca. 18,000 BCE

Primeval pottery product

ca. 18,000 BCE

Earliest pottery production

The earliest known pottery in the globe is nearly twenty thousand years old and was excavated from a site in present-day Jiangxi Province. This means that ceramics predate even the evolution of agronomics in China.

Late Neolithic menstruation, ca. 3500–ca. 3000 BCE

Late Neolithic period, ca. 3500–ca. 3000 BCE

Pendant in the class of a mask

ca. 2700 BCE

Earliest silk production

ca. 2700 BCE

Earliest silk production

Silk is made from the fibers of the silkworm cocoon, and domestication of silkworms began in Red china around 2700 BCE. Silk became one of the almost important commodities of the Silk Route, the network of trade routes that emerged in the 2nd century BCE and extended from China to Rome.

ca. 1800 BCE

Earliest statuary product

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ca. 1800 BCE

Earliest bronze product

Chinese civilisation made great advances as information technology emerged from the Neolithic menstruum and entered the Statuary Age. Ane cistron in this change was the power to locate and excerpt natural deposits of copper and can for making bronze. Foundries capable of heating the ores to loftier plenty temperatures for mixing and casting metallic were established in northern areas of China around 1800 BCE.

The Neolithic Menstruation, or New Stone Age, is characterized by the showtime of a settled human lifestyle. People learned to cultivate plants and domesticate animals for food, rather than relying solely on hunting and gathering. Pottery and jade carving emerged as important crafts in this flow.

Toggle the dynasty information Shang dynasty ca. 1600–1050 BCE

ca. 1400–chiliad BCE

Earliest Chinese writing

ca. 1400–1000 BCE

Earliest Chinese writing

Oracle-bone script, the earliest known class of systematic Chinese writing, dates from the fourteenth to eleventh centuries BCE. The sharp beginning and end of each stroke relate to the script's origins in etching divination texts on tortoiseshells and on the flat bones of certain animals. These aboriginal texts were used primarily in predicting hereafter events on behalf of the ruler.

Tardily Shang dynasty, Anyang menstruum, ca. 1250–ca. 1200 BCE

Belatedly Shang dynasty, Anyang flow, ca. 1250–ca. 1200 BCE

Inscribed tortoiseshell (oracle bone)

ca. 1200 BCE

Lady Hao (Fu Hao)

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ca. 1200 BCE

Lady Hao (Fu Hao)

Lady Hao, or Fu Hao, was a royal consort at the Shang court. Hers was the just tomb of that flow that remained untouched by looters, its contents to be uncovered by archaeologists in the twentieth century. The wealth of objects excavated from her Yinxu burial site have helped scholars better understand the Shang dynasty, and demonstrate the elite status to which Fu Hao ascended equally a woman in Statuary Age Mainland china.

Prototype via: Flickr.

Shang dynasty, ca. 1100–ca. 1050 BCE

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Shang dynasty, ca. 1100–ca. 1050 BCE

Elephant-shaped vino server

Shang dynasty, ca. 1100–1050 BCE

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Shang dynasty, ca. 1100–1050 BCE

Lidded ritual ewer (guang)

The Shang dynasty is the earliest dynasty in Chinese history that is verified through written and archaeological evidence. It is clear from archaeological findings that the Shang rulers established a stable social order. Like many other societies, they did so through faith and shared ritual practices.

Toggle the dynasty information Zhou Dynasty, ca. 1050–221 BCE

Early Western Zhou dynasty, ca. 1025–ca. 975 BCE

Early on Western Zhou dynasty, ca. 1025–ca. 975 BCE

Square lidded ritual vino container (fangyi)

771 –476 BCE

Leap and Autumn Period

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771 –476 BCE

Leap and Fall Menstruum

The Spring and Autumn period is the first of two periods comprising the Eastern Zhou dynasty, the second being the turbulent Warring States period. Named for the classic text The Spring and Fall Annals, this menstruation was a time of swell flourishing for Chinese philosophy. Information technology was the fourth dimension of both Confucius and Laozi, among other influential thinkers.

ca. 600 –500 BCE

Laozi, philosopher

ca. 600 –500 BCE

Laozi, philosopher

Laozi was an extraordinary thinker who flourished during the sixth century BCE. He is considered the founder of Daoism, a circuitous system of beliefs advocating that all people follow the Dao, or the "Way"—the natural path of the universe. Some modern scholars suggest Laozi may be a legendary, rather than historical, figure.

551 –479 BCE

Confucius, philosopher

551 –479 BCE

Confucius, philosopher

Confucius developed a system of thought known as Confucianisum, ane of the most important cultural forces in all of Chinese history. Born in the country of Lu during a menstruation of political unrest, he stressed the importance of good authorities, the correct placement of a person in the family and social structure, and the office of proper rites.

Late Bound and Autumn period, Eastern Zhou dynasty, ca. 500–ca. 450 BCE

Late Jump and Autumn catamenia, Eastern Zhou dynasty, ca. 500–ca. 450 BCE

Bell (bo) with birds and dragons

ca. 280 –233 BCE

Han Fei, philosopher

ca. 280 –233 BCE

Han Fei, philosopher

Han Fei was a philosopher who lived during China'south Warring States period. He is the figure virtually associated with a school of thought called Legalism, which became influential in the afterward Qin dynasty. Han Fei believed human behavior should be regulated past obedience to strict standards enforced by a organisation of rewards and punishments.

Image via: World Digital Library.

259 –210 BCE (reigned 221–210 BCE)

Qin Shihuangdi (Emperor Qin Shi Huang)

259 –210 BCE (reigned 221–210 BCE)

Qin Shihuangdi (Emperor Qin Shi Huang)

Qin Shihuangdi unified China and became the first emperor of the Qin dynasty in 221 BCE. As emperor he standardized weights and measures, coinage, and the writing system. Qin Shihuangdi was a severe leader intolerant of any threats to his rule and known for burning books and burial alive hundreds of scholars during his reign. He is too famous for the terracotta warriors buried in his tomb in present-twenty-four hours Xi'an.

Paradigm via: Wikimedia Eatables.

256 –195 BCE (reigned 202–195 BCE)

Liu Blindside (Emperor Gaozu of Han)

256 –195 BCE (reigned 202–195 BCE)

Liu Bang (Emperor Gaozu of Han)

Liu Bang was a leader in the rebellion confronting the Qin dynasty and became the first emperor of the Han dynasty in 202 BCE. He was subsequently known as Emperor Gaozu of Han.

Image via: Wikimedia Commons.

The Zhou people conquered the Shang around 1050 BCE and established their own dynasty. The Zhou shared many cultural similarities with the Shang. They performed similar religious rituals, used bronze vessels, and practiced divination. The Zhou dynasty is divided into two periods: the Western Zhou (1050–771 BCE) and the Eastern Zhou (771–221 BCE).

Toggle the dynasty information Qin dynasty, 221–206 BCE

ca. 221 BCE

Construction begins on the Great Wall of Prc

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ca. 221 BCE

Construction begins on the Great Wall of China

During the Qin dynasty, Qin Shihuangdi ordered the Groovy Wall exist constructed to protect his empire from invasion by the Xiongnu people. Nevertheless, the Nifty Wall as it exists today was not completed until the Ming dynasty.

Epitome via: Flickr.

At the end of a fourth dimension of political division known equally the Warring States period, the land of Qin conquered all other states and established the Qin dynasty. Information technology was Red china'due south first unified state whose power was centralized instead of spread amongst different kingdoms in the n and southward. Although information technology lasted merely about xv years, the Qin dynasty greatly influenced the adjacent two one thousand years of Chinese history.

Epitome via: Flickr.

Toggle the dynasty information Han dynasty, 206 BCE–220 CE

ca. 145 –ca. 87 BCE

Sima Qian, historian

ca. 145 –ca. 87 BCE

Sima Qian, historian

Sima Qian was an purple official of the Han dynasty. He is all-time known for composing Records of the G Historian, a comprehensive history of Mainland china begun by his begetter Sima Tan and one of the most influential Chinese classical texts.

ca. 100 BCE–1453 CE

Silk Road

ca. 100 BCE–1453 CE

Silk Route

The Silk Road was an ancient network of land and sea trade routes established during the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE) that existed until the middle of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). These trade routes stretched from China across Asia to the Nearly E, the Mediterranean, and East Africa.

Western Han dynasty, Dated 61 BCE

Ladle

Ban Zhao was a female scholar during the Han dynasty. In add-on to her piece of work as a historian, Ban Zhao authored the influential Confucian text Lessons for Women.

Image via: Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Eastern Han dynasty, 100–150

Deejay (bi) with knobs, feline, and dragon

ca. 100

Buddhism transmitted to China

ca. 100

Buddhism transmitted to Red china

By 100 CE, missionaries had taken the Buddha's teachings from his birthplace in South asia to China.

The outset Chinese dictionary, Shuowen Jiezi, was published effectually 100 CE.

The Han dynasty reuinified Red china later on the civil war following the expiry of Qin Shihuangdi in 210 BCE. It is divided into two periods: the Sometime (or Western) Han and the Afterward (or Eastern) Han. The Han dynasty was a pivotal period in the history of China, when many foundations were laid for enduring aspects of Chinese club.

Toggle the dynasty information Period of Sectionalisation, 220–589

365 –427

Tao Yuanming, poet

365 –427

Tao Yuanming, poet

Tao Yuanming was a poet and recluse who lived during China's Menstruation of Division. Too known by the name of Tao Qian, he is one of the about celebrated writers in Chinese literary history. Amid his best-known works is the famous story "Peach Bloom Spring."

ca. 500

Art critic Xie He'due south Six Principles of Painting

ca. 500

Art critic Xie He's Six Principles of Painting

Toward the end of the fifth century, the fine art critic Xie He (active 479–502) proposed the so-called 6 Principles as the essential criteria for judging the quality of Chinese painting, and the aesthetic values and concerns he enunciated in his essay exerted a profound influence on later generations.

541 –604 (reigned 581–604)

Emperor Wendi

541 –604 (reigned 581–604)

Emperor Wendi

Emperor Wendi was the showtime emperor of the Sui dynasty (581–618). Though information technology lasted only a brusque time, the dynasty Wendi established was pregnant in its reunification of China later the long Period of Division, thus paving the way for the great Tang dynasty.

Image via: Wikimedia Commons.

Period of Sectionalisation, Northern Qi dynasty, 550–577

Base of a funerary couch

Menstruation of Division, Northern Qi dynasty, 550–577

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Menses of Division, Northern Qi dynasty, 550–577

Western Paradise of the Buddha Amitabha

Catamenia of Division, Northern Qi dynasty, 550–577

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Flow of Sectionalisation, Northern Qi dynasty, 550–577

Cosmic Buddha Vairochana with the Realms of Existence

566 –635 (reigned 618–626)

Li Yuan (Emperor Gaozu of Tang)

566 –635 (reigned 618–626)

Li Yuan (Emperor Gaozu of Tang)

Li Yuan was the founding emperor of the Tang dynasty, inaugurating a gilt historic period in Chinese history. He is also known every bit Emperor Gaozu of Tang.

Image via: Wikimedia Eatables.

ca. 581 –618

Beginnings of purple exam system

ca. 581 –618

Beginnings of imperial examination system

The purple exam had its roots in the Sui dynasty (581–618) and was firmly established during the Tang (618–907). This highly competitve civil service test emphasized knowledge of the Confucian classics, and was significant for instituting merit-based accolade of official positions. It remained an important pillar of the Chinese imperial system until information technology was abolished in 1905 as that system neared its stop.

Image via: Wikimedia Commons.

The Period of Division refers to the four hundred years after the autumn of the Han dynasty. Despite its political and social instability, this era witnessed a flourishing of civilisation, ideas, and art comparable to that of the European Renaissance. Constant cultural exchanges betwixt Cathay and the W and relative political stability at the finish of the period paved the way for the inflow of the glorious Tang dynasty.

Toggle the dynasty information Tang dynasty, 618–907

Empress Wu, too known as Wu Zhao or Wu Zetian, was among the almost powerful women in Chinese history. A concubine of Emperor Taizong and later wife of Emperor Gaozong, she effectively ruled the Tang dynasty during the reign of the ailing Gaozong (reigned 649–683) and later his death, before establishing her ain short-lived Zhou dynasty.

Epitome via: Wikimedia Eatables.

685 –762 (reigned 713–756)

Emperor Xuanzong

685 –762 (reigned 713–756)

Emperor Xuanzong

Emperor Xuanzong was the 7th emperor of the Tang dynasty. His reign ended later on the onset of the An Lushan Rebellion led past one of his own generals.

Middle of Tang dynasty, ca. 700–ca. 750

Center of Tang dynasty, ca. 700–ca. 750

Textile with floral medallions and lozenges

Tang dynasty, ca. 700–ca. 750

Tomb effigy of a groom

Tang dynasty, ca. 700–ca. 750

Tomb figures of a human and woman on horseback

Tang dynasty, ca. 700–ca. 750

Caput of a tomb effigy of a Sogdian or Primal Asian traveler

Du Fu is considered by many equally the greatest Chinese poet along with his contemporary Li Bai, too known as Li Bo. Du Fu lived during the Tang dynasty and is emblematic of the golden age of poetry to which Chinese civilisation ascended at that period.

755 –763

An Lushan Rebellion

755 –763

An Lushan Rebellion

The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising led by General An Lushan (703–757), who attempted to overthrow the Tang dynasty'due south Emperor Xuanzong and declare himself emperor. Though ultimately unsuccessful, the An Lushan Rebellion had long-lasting effects on the Tang, which was irreversibly weakened past the conflict.

Image via: Wikimedia Commons.

ca. 868

Invention of woodblock printing

ca. 868

Invention of woodblock printing

Woodblock press emerged in China in the ninth century during the Tang dynasty.

ca. 900

Invention of gunpowder

ca. 900

Invention of gunpowder

Gunpowder explosives were first used in People's republic of china around the 10th century.

Epitome via: Wikimedia Commons.

The Tang dynasty is considered a golden historic period in Chinese history. Known for its strong war machine ability, successful diplomatic relationships, economic prosperity, and cosmopolitan culture, Tang Red china was one of the greatest empires in the medieval world. During the Tang dynasty, China expanded its territory and secured peace and safety on overland merchandise routes—the Silk Road—that reached as far as Rome.

Toggle the dynasty data Song dynasty, 960–1279

Tang to Northern Song dynasty, 1009

Zither (qin) inscribed with the name "Dragon's Moan"

1037–1101

Su Dongpo, literatus

1037–1101

Su Dongpo, literatus

Su Dongpo, also known every bit Su Shi, was a scholar-official, writer, and artist who lived during the Northern Vocal dynasty. A renowned poet, painter, and calligrapher, he is the figure nigh associated with the flourishing literati civilization of that catamenia.

Northern Song dynasty, 1063

Pillow

Northern Song or Southern Vocal dynasty, ca. 1100–1200

Bowl with "oil spot" glaze

1127

Fall of Northern Song

1127

Fall of Northern Song

The Northern Song dynasty started to disintegrate after a failed reform program—proposed in 1076 by the chief councilor, Wang Anshi—pitted conservative bureaucrats against proponents of reform. The Jurchen Jin in the due north turned against the weakened court and entered the Vocal capital of Bianliang in 1127. Prince Kang of the Vocal dynasty retreated south and restored the Vocal in Lin'an (modern Hangzhou), establishing the Southern Vocal dynasty.

Epitome via: Wikimedia Eatables.

Southern Song dynasty, ca.1127–ca. 1200

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Southern Vocal dynasty, ca.1127–ca. 1200

Guan ware long-necked vase

1130–1200

Zhu Xi, philosopher

1130–1200

Zhu Eleven, philosopher

Zhu Xi was an influential philosopher who lived during the Southern Song dynasty. He is the figure about associated with a school of idea chosen Neo-Confucianism, which emerged every bit a Confucian response to Daoist and Buddhist discourses of the time.

Southern Song dynasty, ca. 1150–1250

Nymph of the Luo River

1215–1294

Emperor Khubilai Khan

1215–1294

Emperor Khubilai Khan

Khubilai Khan was the leader of the Mongol Empire from 1260 until his death in 1294. When Khubilai Khan defeated the Southern Song and proclaimed the Yuan dynasty in 1279, China was reunited under foreign domination as function of a larger Mongol Empire.

Yuan dynasty, ca. 1250–1300

Tilling Rice, after Lou Shou

1275–1292

Explorer Marco Polo in China

1275–1292

Explorer Marco Polo in People's republic of china

Marco Polo (1254–1324) was an Italian explorer who spent nearly two decades in China during the Yuan dynasty. Though some scholars doubt the veracity of Marco Polo's claims, accounts of his travels were meaning in offering Europeans a window into Chinese culture, which the explorer held in high esteem.

Image via: Wikimedia Commons.

Post-obit a period of political upheaval and sectionalisation, the Song dynasty was a time of stability that immune for economic, cultural, and artistic flourishing. Information technology was characterized by a move away from nobility as the ground of official rank and toward a system of meritocracy based on the ceremonious service exam. The Song dynasty was divided into two periods: the Northern Vocal (960–1126) and the Southern Song (1127–1279).

Toggle the dynasty data Yuan dynasty, 1279–1368

1328–1398

Zhu Yuanzhang (Emperor Hongwu)

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1328–1398

Zhu Yuanzhang (Emperor Hongwu)

Zhu Yuanzhang was a rebel leader from the due south of China who pushed the Yuan court out of Cathay proper in 1368. He proclaimed the Ming dynasty and declared himself emperor after leading the defection to defeat the Yuan.

Image via: Wikimedia Commons.

Fishermen, afterward Jing Hao

Yuan or Ming dynasty, ca. 1369

A branch of bamboo

Established by Khubilai Khan's Mongol Empire, the Yuan dynasty was the first strange dynasty in Chinese history to dominion all of China. While Mongol officials dominated the court, many Chinese scholar-officials withdrew from public life to pursue artistic cultivation, peculiarly mural painting.

Toggle the dynasty information Ming dynasty, 1368–1644

Ming dynasty, ca. 1400–1500

Li (tripod)-shaped cloisonné incense burner

Palace Women and Children Celebrating the New Twelvemonth

Ming dynasty, ca. 1402–ca. 1424

Bottle

1405–1433

Expeditions of Admiral Zheng He

1405–1433

Expeditions of Admiral Zheng He

Starting in 1405, Zheng He embarked on a series of seven naval expeditions of Southeast Asia and the Indian Body of water, and went equally far as the due east coast of Africa. However, under the pressure level of the Confucian-dominated court that restricted overseas relations and trade, maritime activities and shipbuilding were scaled back afterwards the last of these voyages was completed in 1433.

1406

Construction begins on the Forbidden City

1406

Construction begins on the Forbidden City

During the Ming dynasty, the Yongle Emperor ordered construction of the palace compound at present known as the Forbidden City in Beijing. Construction was completed in 1420.

Prototype via: Wikimedia Eatables.

Ming dynasty, ca. 1400–1500

Eleven Dragons

Ming dynasty, ca. 1500–1699

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Ming dynasty, ca. 1500–1699

Journey to Shu

Verse form in cursive script

Playing the zither below a pino tree

1601–1610

Jesuit Matteo Ricci at Ming court

1601–1610

Jesuit Matteo Ricci at Ming courtroom

Matteo Ricci (1552–1610) was a Jesuit missionary from Italy who arrived in China in the tardily sixteenth century. In 1601, Emperor Wanli invited him to serve at the Ming courtroom, where Ricci shared his knowledge of Western science and mapmaking, as well as fostering cross-cultural engagement through the writing and translation of several important texts.

Epitome via: Wikimedia Commons.

China returned to native Chinese rulership with the establishment of the Ming dynasty. The Ming dynasty generated significant accomplishments, including refurbishment of the Not bad Wall, major naval expeditions, maritime trade, a monetized economy, the evolution of the novel, expansion of printing, and production of infrequent porcelain, paintings, lacquer, and textiles. The last century of the dynasty was marked by border troubles, fewer crops due to a devastating cold moving ridge, fiscal instability, and corruption at court.

Toggle the dynasty information Qing dynasty, 1644–1911

1654–1722 (reigned 1661–1722)

Emperor Kangxi

1654–1722 (reigned 1661–1722)

Emperor Kangxi

Emperor Kangxi reigned from 1661 to 1722 and with his successors Yongzheng and Qianlong was one of the iii bang-up Qing emperors. Beginning with the Kangxi Emperor, the Qing court became a leading patron of Chinese arts.

Image via: Wikimedia Eatables.

Qing dynasty, ca. 1700–ca. 1750

Continuing figure of Guanyin as Buddha

Qing dynasty, ca. 1700–ca. 1716

Portraits of Shi Wenying and Lady Guan

1711–1799 (reigned 1736–1795)

Emperor Qianlong

1711–1799 (reigned 1736–1795)

Emperor Qianlong

I of the great Qing rulers, Emperor Qianlong reigned from 1736 to 1795. The empire's territorial expansion reached its zenith under his leadership.

1715–1766

Jesuit Giuseppe Castiglione at Qing court

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1715–1766

Jesuit Giuseppe Castiglione at Qing court

Giuseppe Castiglione (1688–1766), also known as Lang Shining, was an Italian Jesuit missionary who served as a court painter during the Qing dynasty. He was a central figure in establishing the new court aesthetic of combining Western style realism with traditional brushwork.

Qing dynasty, Qianlong reign, 1736–1795

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Qing dynasty, Qianlong reign, 1736–1795

Box Decorated with Images of Spring and Longevity

Qing dynasty, Qianlong reign, 1736–1795

Vase of bottle shape with "garlic" mouth

Qing dynasty, Qianlong reign, ca. 1750

The Qianlong Emperor equally Manjushri, the Bodhisattva of Wisdom

Qing dynasty, ca. 1820–1875

Summertime chaofu (formal court wearing apparel) for a top-rank prince

1835–1908

Empress Dowager Cixi

1835–1908

Empress Dowager Cixi

Empress Dowager Cixi was the last controlling purple effigy in the Qing dynasty. Beginning in 1861 she acted as regent to two successive emperors, and ultimately kept control of the authorities. Cixi was shrewd and formidable, merely the late Qing courtroom suffered from corruption, conservatism, and incompetence while struggling against foreign inroad.

1839–1842

First Opium War

1839–1842

First Opium War

The Showtime Opium War was a Sino-British conflict sparked by Qing opposition to the British opium trade in China. China's defeat resulted in the Treaty of Nanjing, which was followed by what would get known as a serial of "unequal treaties" that granted increasing concessions to foreign powers.

Prototype via: Wikimedia Commons.

1850–1864

Taiping Rebellion

1850–1864

Taiping Rebellion

The Taiping Rebellion was an enormous anti-Qing uprising led by Hong Xiuquan, a Christian from southern China who claimed to be the blood brother of Jesus Christ. Lasting fifteen years, the Taiping Rebellion speaks to the level of internal unrest during the later years of the Qing dynasty. Information technology was 1 of the deadliest conflicts in history.

Image via: Wikimedia Commons.

1856–1860

Second Opium War

1856–1860

Second Opium State of war

In the 2d Opium State of war, Mainland china clashed with Britain and France. Like the Beginning Opium War, this was a conflict over opposition to Western imperialism and the opium trade, which ended in another loss for China.

Image via: Wikimedia Commons.

1866–1925

Sun Yat-sen, pol

1866–1925

Sun Yat-sen, politician

Sunday Yat-sen was the first leader of the Nationalist Political party (Kuomintang) and a leader of the 1911 Xinhai Revolution that overthrew the Qing dynasty and established the Commonwealth of China.

Paradigm via: Wikimedia Commons.

1887–1975

Chiang Kai-shek, politico

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1887–1975

Chiang Kai-shek, politician

Chiang Kai-shek became the 2d leader of the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) upon the death of Sun Yat-sen. He reunified China nether Nationalist rule after the fragmentation of the Warlord Menstruation (1916–1928) and became President of the Republic of China.

Epitome via: Wikimedia Commons.

1893–1976

Mao Zedong, politician

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1893–1976

Mao Zedong, political leader

Mao Zedong was a leader in the Chinese Communist Party and in 1949 became the outset Chairman of the People's Republic of Communist china, a position he held until his expiry in 1976.

Image via: Wikimedia Commons.

1894–1895

Get-go Sino-Japanese War

1894–1895

Commencement Sino-Japanese War

China suffered a defeat to Nippon in the First Sino-Japanese War. The Treaty of Shimonoseki, which ended the conflict, required China to make further territorial concessions to strange powers.

Epitome via: Wikimedia Eatables.

1899–1901

Boxer Rebellion

1899–1901

Boxer Rebellion

The Boxers were a secret society of spiritual and martial arts practitioners who started an anti-foreign and anti-Christian movement at the cease of the nineteenth century. This nationalist motion evolved into an international state of war on Chinese soil before it was quelled in 1901.

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The Empress Dowager Cixi with strange envoys' wives

The Qing dynasty was founded by a northeast Asian people who called themselves Manchus. Manchu rule did not completely uproot the government of China or its social and cultural life; instead, Manchu rulers selectively connected and adapted aspects of Chinese life they admired. The Qing dynasty, especially in the eighteenth century when the Qing empire was the largest and almost prosperous in the globe, saw prolific cultural and artistic achievements.

Toggle the dynasty information Modern China, 1912–Nowadays

1912

Commonwealth of China established

1912

Republic of Mainland china established

With the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1911 and the abdication of the child emperor, Puyi, on February 12, 1912, the imperial era ended and a new modern period began with the founding of the Commonwealth of Cathay. Pictured is the design of the original flag of the Republic of Prc, in use until 1928.

Paradigm via: Wikimedia Commons.

Taking its name from the student-led anti-imperialist protests that took place in Beijing on May 4, 1919, the May Quaternary Move refers to a political and cultural motion seeking the modernization of China in the the 1910s and 1920s. It is sometimes referred to interchangeably every bit the New Civilization Movement.

Image via: Wikimedia Commons.

1937–1945

2nd Sino-Japanese War

1937–1945

2d Sino-Japanese War

When Japan invaded China in 1937 after a series of increasing incursions, Chinese Communists and Nationalists united to fight a common enemy in what would evolve into the 2d World State of war.

Image via: Wikimedia Commons.

1949

Mainland china established

1949

People'southward Commonwealth of Prc established

The Chinese Civil State of war and Communist Revolution concluded in 1949 when the Chinese Communist Party under Mao Zedong established the People'south Democracy of China.

Epitome via: Wikimedia Eatables.

1958–1962

Great Jump Forward

1958–1962

Great Spring Forward

The Neat Spring Forward was the name of Mao Zedong's 2nd Five-Year Program after the founding of the People'southward Democracy of China. Its dramatic restructuring of the Chinese economy and society led to famine and economic disaster.

Image via: Wikimedia Commons.

1966–1976

Cultural Revolution

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1966–1976

Cultural Revolution

In 1966 Mao Zedong instigated a campaign to promote Communist revolutionary ideals and purge Prc of the 4 Olds: old customs, quondam habits, old culture, and old ideas. Characterized past hardships and violence at the easily of an arrangement of young revolutionaries chosen the Red Guard, this menses ended with Mao Zedong's passing in 1976.

Image via: Flickr.

1978

Reform and Opening Up

1978

Reform and Opening Up

Reform and Opening Up is the name for the economic reforms spearheaded past Deng Xiaoping in the People's Republic of Communist china in 1978. New policies transformed the economy and set the stage for rapid economic growth.

Image via: Wikimedia Commons.

1989

Tiananmen Square Massacre

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1989

Tiananmen Square Massacre

In 1989, student activists held a democratic protest motion at Beijing's Tiananmen Square. The demonstration was subject area to a deadly crackdown, also known as the June 4th Incident, by the People's Liberation Army.

Image via: Flickr.

1997

Handover of Hong Kong

1997

Handover of Hong Kong

Hong Kong, which had been a colony of the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland since 1841, returned to Chinese sovereignty as a Special Administrative Region in 1997.

Prototype via: Wikimedia Commons.

Macau, which had been nether Portuguese governance since 1557, returned to Chinese sovereignty as a Special Administrative Region in 1999.

Image via: Wikimedia Commons.

Monkeys Grasp for the Moon

2008

Olympic Games in Beijing

2008

Olympic Games in Beijing

In 2008, the People's Democracy of People's republic of china hosted its start Summer Olympics in its capital city of Beijing, marking a notable advent of the country on the world stage.

Image via: Flickr.

The founding of the Republic of People's republic of china in 1912 marked an end to over 2 thousand years of imperial rule and the establishment of modern political systems. This catamenia also includes the founding of the Mainland china in 1949, which continues to the present day.

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Source: https://asia.si.edu/learn/for-educators/teaching-china-with-the-smithsonian/interactives/timelines/timeline-of-chinese-history-art-and-culture/

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